施工実績

Statistical Research

Participants contributed follow-up time from the return of the 1986 questionnaire up to the occurrence of a confirmed stroke, death, or January 31, 1994. Intakes of potassium and other nutrients were energy-adjusted to 2000 kcal/d. 16 Relative risks (RR) were calculated by dividing the incidence of stroke among men in each fifth of energy-adjusted potassium intake at baseline by the incidence among men in the lowest fifth of intake. Similar calculations were done for the other nutrients. We adjusted RRs for age (5-year categories) 17 and used the Mantel extension test 18 to test for linear trends. To adjust for other risk factors, we used pooled logistic regression with 2-year intervals. When the probability of an event within an interval is small, this method is equivalent to a Cox proportional-hazards analysis. 19 Multivariate models included as covariates calendar time (2-year intervals), total energy intake (continuous variable), smoking (current, past, and 1 to 14, 15 to 24, and ?25 cigarettes/d), alcohol consumption (<5, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 29, and ?30 g/d), history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, parental history of myocardial infarction before age 65 years, profession, and quintiles of body mass index and physical activity. In these models, we evaluated monotonic trends by using the median value of each category and modeling this as a continuous variable. All P values are 2-sided. Covariates were not updated during the follow-up.

Abilities

Throughout 323 394 person-numerous years of follow-right up, i noted 328 instances of cerebrovascular accidents (fifty fatal), and additionally 210 ischemic, 70 hemorrhagic, and you will forty-eight unclassified shots. People regarding better fifth regarding potassium consumption (and additionally potassium of supplements) was in fact less inclined to cigarette smoking, have been so much more privately effective, and consumed faster liquor, quicker pounds, a lot more healthy protein, and more micronutrients than just people in the bottom fifth (Table step one ). Comparable connections have been discover getting magnesium, fibre, and you can calcium (investigation maybe not revealed). Age-modified RR regarding complete heart attack for men throughout the top 5th out of potassium intake compared with those in the base 5th is actually 0.59 (Dining table 2 ). This RR is somewhat attenuated by the variations getting nondietary exposure activities (RR=0.62) by then variations having consumption off magnesium and you may soluble fiber (RR=0.69). The new corresponding connections that have ischemic coronary arrest were equivalent, whereas zero significant associations was in fact seen for hemorrhagic coronary attack (research not revealed). Subsequent improvement to have consumption out of complete fat, protein, saturated fats, supplement C, vitamin e, carotene, or folic acidic don’t materially alter the association anywhere between potassium intake and you can threat of complete coronary attack, nor did changes to have baseline systolic and you can diastolic blood pressure levels or introduction to your make of a conversation term ranging from age and you may blood pressure level.

Intakes out of dietary fiber and you will magnesium have been each other inversely of likelihood of complete stroke during the years-adjusted analyses (Table 2 ). These types of associations was basically simply meagerly attenuated of the adjustment for nondietary exposure points, nonetheless they was indeed drastically weak for the regression habits you to in addition provided potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber because of the confident correlations ranging from intakes regarding these diet (Pearson relationship coefficients had been 0.65 for magnesium and you will potassium, 0.62 for magnesium and you may dietary fiber, and you may 0.58 to have potassium and you will fiber).

None calcium neither sodium intake (data not revealed) try somewhat regarding the danger of full, ischemic, otherwise hemorrhagic stroke. Salt intake was also not related to consumption off potassium (Pearson correlation = ?0.02) and you will was not analyzed next. As inside the an earlier data an enthusiastic inverse relationship is actually reported between calcium supplements of milk sources and you can danger of coronary attack, 20 i checked out this relationships inside our cohort. Brand new multivariate chance towards better in contrast to the beds base quintile of milk calcium supplements intake is actually 0.83 (95% CI, 0.59, step 1.17) having overall (Table 2 ), 0.90 (95% CI, 0.59, step 1.37) to possess ischemic, and you will 0.73 (95% CI, 0.36, 1.51) to possess hemorrhagic coronary attack; the lowest frequency of every outcome was present in the middle quintile out-of consumption. Along with, we looked at whether the chance of stroke was straight down certainly males just who said playing with calcium at baseline. The RR for males who got ?eight hundred mg/d out of supplemental calcium supplements weighed against nonusers is actually 0.88 having overall heart attack (95% CI, 0.sixty, 1.27) and you will 0.83 to possess ischemic stroke (95% CI, 0.52, 1.34).